categoryallspace2-Presentations Language http://tc.eserver.org/dir/Presentations/Language A directory of resources about presentations and language in the field of technical communication. en-us Copyright (c) 2005-08 by the EServer. All rights reserved. tclib-editorial@eserver.org (TC Library Editorial Board) webmaster@eserver.org (Geoffrey Sauer) http://tc.eserver.org/images/newlogo.gif http://tc.eserver.org/dir/Presentations/Language http://tc.eserver.org/26223.html http://tc.eserver.org/26223.html Generally, cost increases and quality decreases when turn-around time decreases. Explore the latest technology for making the translation process more efficient. http://tc.eserver.org/25121.html http://tc.eserver.org/25121.html Technical communicators who serve international audiences must prepare for and manage translations, yet they cannot read the outsourced translation, may have no knowledge of the target culture, and rarely have access to resident linguists who can verify the quality of the work. As well, the time frame in which material is translated is usually short and associated funding is vulnerable. Still, practitioners are expected to maintain corporate standards of language style, grammar, and accuracy. This paper examines the fundamental challenges of outsourcing technical translation, and offers tools and techniques that can be used to assure quality, at arms’ length, in the absence of access to a native speaker of the target language. http://tc.eserver.org/18194.html http://tc.eserver.org/18194.html This paper argues for the importance of cultural contexts in localization practices. It explores possible reasons for the missing of cultural contexts in localization, such as a static model of culture, a positivist view of science, and an instrumental engineering approach. Broad-scoped rhetorical methods are called to improve the performance of localization. http://tc.eserver.org/15238.html http://tc.eserver.org/15238.html The best way to create documents that localize and translate well is to follow the general guidelines for good technical writing, know English as well as possible, and know at least one foreign language as well as possible. http://tc.eserver.org/14379.html http://tc.eserver.org/14379.html The importance of competent translation is becoming increasingly evident. Many companies are unsure of how to deal with the conflicts of high volume, fast turn-around and reasonable cost. We propose five levels of “translation readiness” or maturity: Reactionism, Quality Awareness, Consistency, Long- Term Solutions and Continuous Improvement. These levels indicate an organization’s ability to manage high volumes of translation more quickly while keeping costs under control. While recognizing the uniqueness of each organization, we propose that assessing the level of “readiness” can lead to improvements in quality, cost, and turn-around time. http://tc.eserver.org/13962.html http://tc.eserver.org/13962.html Going global is a familiar phrase in today’s competitive business environment. When we hear the phrase “going global” what comes to mind? Most of us think of products being sold in a foreign country. Providing documentation in your customer’s language gives your company the competitive advantage in the global marketplace. For those products to be sold successfully, a clear understanding and communication of the language is imperative. Language translation into each target language presents a host of challenges and choices that must be anticipated and resolved in the source language prior to translation. http://tc.eserver.org/13949.html http://tc.eserver.org/13949.html OCLC Online Computer Library Center has reduced costs and improved quality by using single sourcing in the localization of its services. For its FirstSearch reference service (which provides access to 80 databases for 18,000 libraries in 64 countries), OCLC has been through three phases of localization. Each phase has increased consistency and efficiency and lowered our translation costs. In the first phase of localizing FirstSearch in 1999, we introduced French and Spanish versions. The translation included the user interface screens and the help system. During this phase, we had minimal reuse of text in the interface and help files. The next year, OCLC released a major redesign of that service-with three levels of searching and greatly expanded database help. A separate administrative service and help system were also included. The translation task became much larger, and we needed to optimize the opportunities for text reuse in the system interfaces, help systems, and documentation. In the interfaces, all text strings were categorized and defined as entity strings-reused as needed among functions, databases, and user levels. For help and documentation, the needed content was analyzed and defined in an SGML DTD. Scripts were used to generate 240 help topics from a few SGML files. This approach reduced translation costs and facilitated consistency. Now in the third phase of localization, we are integrating our tool set, implementing a content management system, and adding support for Asian languages. Through this phase, we expect to reduce translation costs and improve quality. http://tc.eserver.org/13247.html http://tc.eserver.org/13247.html This presentation is aimed at all those who would like to either participate in a Technical Publications Competition in a language other than English or organize multilingual Technical Publications in their chapter. And we hope you will! We briefly describe why and how we came to organize multilingual competition in the France Chapter. There is some practical information but feel free to ask us questions. We will do our best to answer you. http://tc.eserver.org/13246.html http://tc.eserver.org/13246.html This paper presents the preliminary findings from a study that sought to determine whether Japanese and American readers’ comprehension of expository text is similarly affected by text organization. Results are presented and discussed with regard to their implications for technical communicators. http://tc.eserver.org/13183.html http://tc.eserver.org/13183.html English is used in global communication even between people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. Even though we may feel there are world wide subcultures such as modern technology we should note how much culture affects communication from the surface level of language to the more deeper level of our 'mental programming'. Keeping this in mind we should ask who actually owns the English language, if those who have it as mother tongue talk with people who have different mental models and their own culture as the background for the communicative event. http://tc.eserver.org/13187.html http://tc.eserver.org/13187.html Machine Translation is a wonderful technology partner for the technical communicator, saving, under the right circumstances, time and money. As with any partnership, roles, responsibilities, and accountability must be clearly defined. In this human-machine partnership, the technical communicator shoulders most of the responsibility. There are many translation systems available, and the one that is best for you can be identified by considering, among other things, the purpose of the translation, its audience, the document’s size, and the desired quality. Despite the sophistication of the systems currently on the market, a human translator is a requirement for most post-translation editing!