Outsourcing is subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. Outsourcing became part of the business lexicon during the 1980s, as project management developed as a field. It became more visible in technical communication after the 1990s, when salaries in the field rose significantly, encouraging employers to attempt to lower costs for documentation/user assistance (often regarded by business models as a 'cost center'). It is sometimes considered related to offshoring, the relocation of business processes from one country to another.
#22002
Body Count: Why Moving to India Won't Really Help IT
There was a story in the news a couple weeks ago about how IBM was planning to move thousands -- perhaps tens of thousands -- of technical positions to India. This isn't just IBM, though. Nearly every big company that is in the IT outsourcing or software development business is doing or getting ready to do the same thing. They call this 'offshoring,' and its goal is to save a lot of money for the companies involved because India is a very cheap place to do business. And it will accomplish that objective for awhile. In the long run, though, IT is going to have the same problems in India that it has here. The only real result of all this job-shifting will be tens of thousands of older engineers in the U.S. who will find themselves working at Home Depot. You see, 'offshoring' is another word for age discrimination.
Cringely, Robert X. PBS (2003). Careers>Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#14397
Communicating Change to a Technical Organization 
Communications played an important role in a major organizational transformation and outsourcing undertaking by the Information Technology Organization (ITO) of BellSouth Telecommunications. A two-person team was assigned to plan and develop internal and external communications during the project’s 18-month duration. The approach they took was closely related to the process for planning and developing technical communications. An 11-step method resulted and it is now used to improve communications at many levels within the ITO.
Wagnecz, Lorlee E. STC Proceedings (1998). Presentations>Management>Outsourcing
#28555
In today's shrinking global marketplace, many technical communicators face challenges related to intercultural communication. This article examines ethical issues in intercultural communication, beginning with a brief survey of classical ethical models, then focusing on the guidelines for ethical communication developed by Allen and Voss to provide a framework for discussion. Of Allen and Voss's 10 values for ethical communication, we focus on privacy, legality, teamwork, social responsibility, and cultural sensitivity. We offer specific suggestions for avoiding stereotyping, tokenism, and ethnocentrism in technical documentation, including before-and-after examples. We examine the risks involved in using graphics and icons and in attempting to translate idiomatic usages. The article concludes with guidelines for technical communicators preparing documentation for international audiences and with suggestions for managers who wish to give their employees guidance regarding ethical and effective intercultural communication.
Voss, Daniel W. and Madelyn Flammia. Technical Communication Online (2007). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#23653
Evaluating and Choosing a Service Provider
Small- to middle-sized companies are often dependent on third-party service providers to complete tasks related to documentation production. Formally evaluating service providers is one way for documentation managers to ensure that their company and documentation team are getting maximum service, top quality, and competitive prices. Evaluations must be carefully planned and implemented in order to produce reliable results. The planning phase lets the documentation managers “set the stage” for an evaluation by defining and communicating the main objectives. The subsequent implementation phase lets participants gather the key information required to select the best service provider.
Weirich, Margaret. STC Proceedings (2003). Articles>Documentation>Outsourcing>Assessment
#28174
Exporting Technical Writing Jobs
Traditionally, contractors have played an important role in the technical writing field by providing specific expertise, thereby allowing companies to focus on their core competencies. Contactors have made it possible for companies to add temporary personnel when needed ' an important benefit in a field where work output peaks periodically.
VanNorman, Maggie. Carolina Communique (2004). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#23139
The Future of Technical Writing in India 
Technical Writing in India has experienced explosive growth in business volumes as a result of outsourcing. 75 writers based in India are registered with the STC. Estimated 2,500- to 3,000-strong workforce.
Biswas, Nilanjana. STC India (2003). Presentations>Writing>Outsourcing>India
#20782
The Hidden Costs of Offshore Outsourcing
The current stampede toward offshore outsourcing should come as no surprise. For months now, the business press has been regurgitating claims from offshore vendors that IT work costing $100 an hour in the United States can be done for $20 an hour in Bangalore or Beijing. If those figures sound too good to be true, that's because they are.
Overby, Stephanie. CIO Magazine (2003). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#31224
I Have People for That: Outsourcing Corporate Communication
Outsourcing is not new to the corporate communication department. The breadth and complexity of communication technology and the widely varied skills needed to communicate effectively to all audiences make it nearly impossible for a corporate communication department to do it all. Every organization handles communication outsourcing differently. However, there are two basic models of outsourcing currently in use.
Collura, Kathy. Communication World Bulletin (2008). Articles>Business Communication>Outsourcing
#31225
In, Out or Somewhere In Between
When considering possible staffing models for structuring your corporate communication function, your choices typically range from the extremes of establishing an all in-house staff to totally outsourcing the function by enlisting the services of a PR agency (or agencies) to do it all for you. More common is the combination that takes advantage of the benefits of the two previous options, while hopefully minimizing their disadvantages.
Eschbach, Peter A. Communication World Bulletin (2008). Articles>Management>Outsourcing>Public Relations
#27866
The Moment of Truth: How Much Does Culture Matter to You?
Whether we like it or not, offshoring is here to stay. 'If' or 'when' to offshore is no longer an issue. The heart of the discussion is 'how much' – how much we can afford to offshore or, more precisely, how much we can afford to keep. The User Experience (UX) profession has gone a long way in making the distinction between software design and UX design known. Will we be able to hold on to that distinction when it comes to offshoring?
Gorlenko, Lada. uiGarden (2006). Articles>Web Design>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#27403
Businesses large and small can focus on what they do best by outsourcing non-core functions such as debt recovery.
Krueger, Ron. Outsourcing Institute, The (2006). Careers>Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#23138
Moving Up the Value Chain: Transitioning From a Cost Center to a Profit Center
A presentation about management issues for offshore outsourcing firms.
Ramkumar, Ramamoorthy. STC India (2003). Presentations>Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#29665
Offshore Documentation Development in India: Lessons from Experience
Increasingly, many U.S. companies are locating documentation projects offshore, in countries such as India. Setting up and managing offshore documentation teams creates a special set of challenges, in areas such as hiring, training, planning, coping with time zone and cultural differences, and coordinating work done offshore and onsite. This presentation provides an overview of the offshoring trend and its implications for technical writers and managers. It also describes the challenges of managing offshore documentation projects and provides some guidelines and best practices for resolving them.
Abedrabbo, Francisco and Pavi Sandhu. STC Proceedings (2005). Articles>Documentation>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#26132
Offshore Project Management : The Business to Technical Communication (Part II)
As a project manager there are many things going through PM's mind. Many tasks - knowledge bank - technical and as well as business wise.
Khanna, Manoj. RapidBlog (2005). Articles>Project Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#14187
To save costs, some companies are outsourcing Web projects to countries with cheap labor. Unfortunately, these countries lack strong usability traditions and their developers have limited access -- if any -- to good usability data from the target users.
Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2002). Articles>Usability>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#20771
What is offshoring? It's shorthand for offshore outsourcing, the practice of hiring employees, usually through an outsourcing service, in another country. Companies seeking to reduce their labor costs use offshoring to employ workers at costs substantially less than at home. Typically, companies headquartered in the United States contract for employees in India, and increasingly in China, Russia, Israel, or Ireland, for example. Why is offshoring in the news? Because staff and contract workers in the United States see their jobs in the high-tech industry disappear as their current or former employers use offshoring to reduce costs.
Sampson, Fred. STC Silicon Valley (2003). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#20772
Offshoring of Tech Writing: A Roundtable Discussion 
We organized this Roundtable because we thought we could get technical publications managers together to talk about the threat of offshoring and come up with ideas and strategies to protect our jobs. However, we learned that offshoring is inevitable and technical writers need to adapt. The speakers offered possible strategies for adaptation.
Ramos, Andreas and Walt Keefe. National Writers Union (2003). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#31374
Offshoring: Outsourcing Goes Global
Outsourcing has been a routine practice in the communication field for some time now—fully 20 percent of IABC members are self-employed or have a communication/PR consultancy. The last economic downturn strengthened this trend even more. Offshoring is being studied everywhere from Washington, D.C., to the academic world to well-known consulting firms such as McKinsey and Mercer. The general consensus across the board is that offshoring is a growing phenomenon that won’t go away, jobs lost to offshoring are unlikely to come back, and the trend may affect as many as three million jobs in the U.S. by 2015.
Recca, Lee. Communication World Bulletin (2005). Articles>Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#24265
Offshoring: What Does It Mean for Us?
Summarizes a discussion about offshoring held at the Philadelphia Metro chapter's annual conference during which panelists suggested ways that technical communicators based in the United States can make their positions more secure.
Rosenberg, Nad. Intercom (2004). Careers>TC>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#29122
An Online Approach to Teaching International Outsourcing in Technical Communication Classes 
The growth of international online access has given rise to a new production method--international outsourcing--that has important implications for technical communication practices. Successful interactions within international outsourcing require individuals to understand how cultural factors could affect online interactions. Today's technical communication students therefore need to understand how factors of culture and media could affect the success with which they operate in international outsourcing activities. This article provides technical communication instructors with a series of Web-based exercises they can use to familiarize students with different aspects that can affect intercultural online interactions. It also provides a series of online resources students can use to enhance their understanding of cross-cultural communication in cyberspace.
St. Amant, Kirk R. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication (2005). Articles>TC>Outsourcing>Education
#29870
Outsorcery: How to Create Phenomenal Outsourcing Relationships
This paper presents strategies for technical communication managers who may be disenchanted with past outsourcing experiences or uncertain about how to make outsourcing relationships work. Research shows that if expectations are not set up front with the service provider or if the manager's in-house team feels threatened, the relationship is likely to fail. In this paper, I focus on reasons for outsourcing, which technical communication tasks to outsource, what to consider when choosing a service provider, and ways to prepare for and support an outsourcing relationship so that it results in a phenomenal--rather than a nightmarish--experience.
Bennett, Anne H. STC Proceedings (2004). Careers>Management>Outsourcing
#23032
New models of client-vendor relationships, competition, and cooperation are guiding corporate contracting strategies. Client companies seek service providers who can help them maintain agility, flexibility, and responsiveness in the face of constant change. Consequently, companies are “outsourcing’’ in-house functions to competent service providers. In addition, service providers themselves confront the same challenges of responding to change. They preforming “virtual corporations”, in which they pool skills and resources with complementary partners into made-for-the-task alliances to respond to business opportunities. Outsourcing and virtual corporations are related concepts that will shape the careers of many technical communicators.
Davis, E. Berry III and David M. Orchard. STC Proceedings (1996). Careers>Consulting>Outsourcing
#28525
When offshoring manufacturing to low-cost regions, executives need to determine the savings lower labor rates contribute to the bottom line. Meanwhile, the biggest cost for most companies engaging electronics contract manufacturing partners is the materials cost of goods sold (MCOGs) for products being manufactured. Whether outsourcing or offshoring your product manufacturing, the Outsourcing Calculator can help you uncover costs, and potential savings, as you evaluate low-cost manufacturing destinations.
Zetter, Mark. Venture Outsource (1999). Resources>Project Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#25136
A very simple tool for calculating ROI for outsourcing developer labor.
Info Sourcing (2004). Resources>Project Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
#29594
With revenue flattening, David Galbenski needed a bold new plan. But was outsourcing everything to India really the right move? Darren Dahl speaks to some of the complexities in outsourcing legal work overseas.
Dahl, Darren. Inc. Magazine (2006). Careers>Management>Outsourcing>Offshoring
