How To Succeed With URLs

Dynamic websites are great. Dynamically-generated URLs stink. In Part One of a new series, Till Quack shows how to use PHP to convert machine-generated URLs into human-friendly ones.

Quack, Till. List Apart, A (2001). Design>Web Design>Usability

The Iceberg Analogy of Usability

Developers sometimes ask which aspects of look and feel contribute most to the overall usability of an application or Web site. They are typically surprised when I answer that the 'look and feel' aspects aren't the major contributors at all. Look and feel have been popular discussion topics for many years, and some developers have proposed various schemes purporting to allow an easy swap of one look and feel for another. They were perhaps compelled to this thinking to compensate for an inadequate understanding of their users. Around 1990, I became alarmed by the popularity of design architectures advocating paradigms like the User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) that enable a pluggable look and feel. Many of my colleagues and I felt that look and feel represented only the tip of the iceberg. We felt that the set of concepts users must learn and understand to use a product or Web site effectively is actually the most important factor.

Berry, Dick. IBM (2001). Articles>Usability>User Experience>Web Design

Ideas for Improved Within-Page Navigation

WebTV is the first Web user interface for which I have discovered a serious need for navigational aids within the page.

Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (1996). Design>Web Design>Usability>Web Browsers

The Impact of Paging vs. Scrolling on Reading Online Text Passages

In this study, we examined the use of paging vs. scrolling in reading passages, including participants' reading comprehension in paging and scrolling conditions.

Baker, J. Ryan. Usability News (2003). Design>Web Design>Usability

Improve the Readability of Your Web Pages

Learn how to make your web pages easier to read with easy-to-read article!

Churchill, Christine. Webcredible (2004). Design>Web Design>Usability

Improving Accessibility for Motor Impaired Users

The unique requirements for motor impaired web users can often be overlooked or poorly implemented. Motor impairments can be caused by a stroke, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a physical disability or even a broken arm. This group of users essentially have limited or no ability to use a mouse.

Moss, Trenton. Webcredible (2007). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Usability

Improving Web Site Usability and Appeal

This document describes research findings that can provide designers and producers with ideas to increase the usability and appeal of Web sites. Although most of the tips will not surprise experienced designers or producers, this document should be helpful as a reference, checklist, reminder, or brainstorming tool. Each section gives a broad overview of an appeal concept, a site review checklist, and a list of concrete design tips. Some ideas may work as described, but designers will usually need to creatively adapt an idea to their particular site.

Keeker, Kevin. Microsoft (1997). Design>Web Design>Usability

Improving Your Reader's Content Forms  

For most organizations, Reader’s Comment Forms serve primarily as Reader’s Complaint Forms. Most of these forms typically ask readers to identify errors in the text, citing location of the error, describing the error, and suggesting a change. What a waste!

Carliner, Saul. Intercom (2003). Design>Web Design>Assessment>Usability

In Search of Salience: A Response-Time and Eye-Movement Analysis of Bookmark Recognition

Describes the effect of bookmark naming on bookmark recognition. The purpose is to provide empirically-determined guidelines for web producers on how to title pages in order to optimise the recognition of bookmarks by users, and increase the rate of revisitation to their websites.

Poole, Alex. Alex Poole (2005). Articles>Information Design>Usability>Web Browsers

Increasing the Accessibility of the Web through Style Sheets, Scripts and 'Plug-ins'

The W3C WAI Page Authoring Guidelines (Vanderheiden, et al, 1998a) contains nineteen general concepts that Web page authors should follow to make their pages more accessible and usable, not only to people with disabilities, but for newer page viewing technologies (mobile and voice), for electronic agents such as indexing robots, and etc. In this paper/presentation, we will talk about and demonstrate how scripts and style sheets can be implemented today, and still work on systems that do not support scripts and style sheets ('Transform gracefully'). We also talk about and demonstrate how the data in a table can be presented and navigated both via scripting and by an accompanying application ('Context and navigation').

Chisholm, Wendy and Mark Novak. University of Wisconsin (2001). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Universal Usability

Index Versus Full-text Search: A Usability Study of User Preference and Performance    

This article reports on the results of testing two versions of an information product, Usability Testing and Research: one version, an Adobe Acrobat Reader e-book with an index with the locators hyperlinked to the page reference for each entry; the other version, the same e-book without an index, but with the full-text search capabilities provided by Acrobat Reader. We first summarize the current literature regarding human indexing and information retrieval by machine (search engines). We then describe the methodology for testing, the testing results, our conclusions, and implications for future research.

Barnum, Carol M., Earvin Henderson, Al Hood and Rodney Jordan. Technical Communication Online (2004). Design>Web Design>Usability>Search

Influence of Training and Exposure on the Usage of Breadcrumb Navigation

Recent studies have shown that while the use of breadcrumb trails to navigate a website can be helpful, few users choose to utilize this method of navigation. This study investigates the effects of 'mere exposure' and training on breadcrumb usage. Findings indicate that brief training on the benefits of breadcrumb usage resulted in more efficient search behavior.

Hull, Spring S. Usability News (2004). Design>Web Design>Information Design>Usability

Information Foraging: Why Google Makes People Leave Your Site Faster

The easier it is to find places with good information, the less time users will spend visiting any individual website. This is one of many conclusions that follow from analyzing how people optimize their behavior in online information systems.

Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2003). Articles>Web Design>Usability>Search

Innovative User Interface Design

More and more websites are developing innovative user interface designs. Check out some of our favourites and see what new ideas you can glean!

Fidgeon, Tim. Webcredible (2006). Design>Web Design>Usability

Interaction Modeling: User State-Trace Analysis

Interaction modeling is a good way to identify and locate usability issues with the use of a tool. Several methods exist. Modeling techniques are prescriptive in that they aim to capture what users will likely do, and not descriptive of what users actually did.

Queen, Matt. Boxes and Arrows (2006). Articles>Web Design>Usability>Interaction Design

International Address Fields in Web Forms

As enablers of online conversations between businesses and customers, Web forms are often responsible for gathering critical information—email addresses for continued communications, mailing addresses for product shipments, and billing information for payment processing to name just a few. So it shouldn’t come as much of a surprise that one of the most common questions I get asked about Web form design is: “How do I deal with international addresses?”

Wroblewski, Luke. UXmatters (2008). Design>Web Design>Forms>Usability

International Sites: Minimum Requirements

Users from other countries have special needs related to entry fields for names and addresses, measurements and dates, and information about regional product standards.

Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2005). Articles>Web Design>International>Usability

Les Internautes Détestent Scroller?!?

Readers hate to scroll... vous risquez d'entendre plus d'une fois cette rengaine! Bien évidemment, les utilisateurs n'apprécient pas de dérouler des masses de textes contenant des informations composites et indifférenciées. Bien évidemment, les accès et les messages les plus importants doivent être placés en haut de page s'ils veulent améliorer leurs chances d'être perçus. Mais cela ne veut pas dire que le scrolling est à bannir systématiquement et que toutes vos pages doivent tenir dans un écran ! Une fois passé en mode 'consommation', l'internaute déroulera volontiers une page dont le sujet l'intéresse.

Redaction (2004). Articles>Web Design>Usability

An Interview with Andrew B. King

Web page optimization is about optimizing everything that goes into a Web page, including the text. In fact, text optimization is one of the most overlooked ways of speeding up Web sites. I see many a site with optimized graphics, but with HTML that is unoptimized, filled with comments, unused code, and whitespace. Compression can also be used to shrink the text (HTML, JavaScript, etc.) that you deliver to your impatient users.

Saila, Craig. Digital Web Magazine (2003). Design>Web Design>Usability

Intranet Usability

The Internet hype may be dying down, but one area in which productivity gains can still be a reality is intranet development. Intranets could hardly be described as the sexy end of web development, but many companies around the world are experiencing real value from improved efficiency in terms of internal communications. Intranets can be big business. But unfortunately, Intranets often illustrate everything that is worst in web design. I imagine most readers of this article will be familiar with those corporate Intranets that become little more than a collection of department websites, each with its own navigational structure, look and feel, and content. Some organisations even pride themselves on this laissez faire approach to Intranet development, seeing the intranet as an opportunity for departments to express themselves online.

Farrell, Tom. Frontend Infocentre (2001). Design>Web Design>Intranets>Usability

Introducción a la Usabilidad

La usabilidad (dentro del campo del desarrollo web) es la disciplina que estudia la forma de diseñar sitios web para que los usuarios puedan interactuar con ellos de la forma más fácil, cómoda e intuitiva posible. La mejor forma de crear un sitio web usable es realizando un diseño centrado en el usuario, diseñando para y por el usuario, en contraposición a lo que podría ser un diseño centrado en la tecnología o uno centrado en la creatividad u originalidad.

Hassan Montero, Yusef. Nosolousabilidad.com (2002). (Spanish) Articles>Usability>Web Design

Investor Relations Website Design

Investor relations (IR) is one of the 'Big Four' standard components of a corporate website (along with public relations, employment, and 'About Us'). In the modern world, investors assume that they can go to www.company.com to research a current or potential investment. While companies must provide IR information to attract and retain investors, they must also be realistic about the types of content and features that users need most. Simplicity and a coherent story about the company are better than drowning users in incomprehensible data.

Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2003). Design>Web Design>Usability

Is Multiple-Column Online Text Better? It Depends!

This study investigated the effects of multi-column displays and justification on reading performance and satisfaction of an online narrative passage. Participants read a short story displayed in one of six formats (one, two, or three columns, in either a full or left-justified format). Results showed a significant column x justification interaction with reading speed significantly faster for the two-column full-justified text than for one-column full-justified, and significantly faster for one-column left-justified than for one-column full-justified or three-column full-justified text. Post-hoc analyses indicate that the faster readers may have benefited most from the two-column justified format.

Baker, J. Ryan. Usability News (2005). Design>Web Design>Typography>Usability

Is Navigation Useful?

Some analysts conclude that navigation is useless and that navigation elements should be removed from Web pages. Don't try teaching users the site structure, don't try showing them where they are, don't try telling them where else they can go. Instead, just show people content. I don't fully agree with this analysis. Navigation is overdone on many sites. In particular, the so-called spoke design where every page is linked to every other page leads to reduced usability. Similarly, many sites have overblown footers that link to too many meta-features (say, 'about the company' or a privacy statement).

Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (2000). Articles>Web Design>Usability