もしユーザが、いつもウェブサイトの間違えたセクションを開いているなら、ラベリングの改良から、構造の明確化まで、幅広い改善策がある。
Nielsen, Jakob. U-Site (2006). (Japanese) Design>Web Design>Information Design>User Centered Design
It is the job of the information architect to discern the internal structure of content and than give it external form to support users in constructing meaning, in relating the content to their own knowledge, needs, and purposes, and thus making sense of the content.
Soergel, Dagobert. University of Maryland. Articles>Information Design>Rhetoric>User Centered Design
There is an astonishing amount of disbelief that the users of web pages have learned to scroll and that they do so regularly. Holding on to this disbelief--this myth that users won't scroll to see anything below the fold--is doing everyone a great disservice, most of all our users.
Tarquini, Milissa. Boxes and Arrows (2007). Design>Web Design>Information Design>User Centered Design
Cadius es una iniciativa al servicio de la comunidad de profesionales de la Arquitectura de Información y la Usabilidad.
Cadius. (Spanish) Organizations>Information Design>User Centered Design>Usability
Cognitive Psychology and Information Architecture: From Theory to Practice
What do cognitive psychology and information architecture have in common? Actually there is a good deal of common ground between the two disciplines. Certainly, having a background in cognitive psychology supports the practice of information architecture, and it is precisely those interconnections and support that will be explored.
Withrow, Jason and Mark Geljon. Boxes and Arrows (2003). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design>Cognitive Psychology
Communicating Effectively With Interaction

The ability to build interactions that support, enable, and improve communication is a valuable skill for help developers, Web-site designers, multimedia content developers, information-rich user interface designers-anyone who designs and develops information to be used online. This paper presents the basics of interaction design for information products and describes some basic underlying human factors and user-interface design principles.
Ames, Andrea L. ACM SIGDOC (2001). Presentations>Information Design>User Centered Design>Multimedia
Jamie Owen explores how we can best utilize cues in our work by understanding how memory, cognitive psychology, and multimedia research affect how information is encoded and retrieved.
Owen, Jamie. Boxes and Arrows (2008). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design>Cognitive Psychology
Design Considerations for Complex Problem-Solving

Information design must go beyond help for simple lookups or providing simple instructions; it must assist in solving complex, real-world problems. This paper helps develop a foundation for design which supports approaches to the complex problem-solving which people use in real-world situations. It considers the dynamic situational context of information, the aspects of the information, and the data interrelationships which the requirements analysis must uncover to support the fundamental user wants and needs.
Albers, Michael J. STC Proceedings (2002). Design>Information Design>User Centered Design
Designing Information That Meets Users' Needs 
Understanding users' needs is a systematic approach that draws on techniques used in software design and ethnographic-style research. These techniques include user personas, tasks analyses, and scenarios. Taken together they provide the basis of an information design that works for users.
Lasalle, Joan. Content Management Professionals (2007). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
Envisioning the Whole Digital Person
As a human society, we're quite possibly looking at the largest surge of recorded information that has ever taken place, and at this point, we have only the most rudimentary tools for managing all this information--in part because we cannot predict what standards will be in place in 10, 50, or 100 years.
Follett, Jonathan. UXmatters (2007). Articles>User Centered Design>Information Design>Databases
Expanding the Approaches to User Experience
Jesse James Garrett’s 'The Elements of User Experience' diagram has become rightly famous as a clear and simple model for the sorts of things that user experience professionals do. But as a model of user experience it presents an incomplete picture with some serious omissions—omissions I’ll try address with a more holistic model.
Olsen, George. Boxes and Arrows (2003). Articles>Information Design>User Experience>User Centered Design
Faut-il Supprimer la Barre de Navigation?
Comment navigue un internaute? Qu'est ce qui le motive dans son parcours? Des études comportementales permettent de dégager des principes de base. Les façons d'agir ou de réagir des internautes sont désormais étudiées et testées. La navigation qui faisait la part belle à la structure technique du site se déplace vers une approche plus contextuelle. La barre de navigation va-t-elle donc disparaître?
Eminet, Bernard-Paul. Usabilis (2004). (French) Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
Focus on the Student: How to Use Learning Objectives to Improve Learning
As information architects we all know how important it is to keep the user in mind. The same is true in teaching IA: we must keep the learner in mind. Learning objectives are one tool to help keep your classes focused on the student. They will also help you develop the syllabus, lesson plans, and assessment methods.
Cown, Wendy. Boxes and Arrows (2004). Articles>Information Design>Instructional Design>User Centered Design
Four Modes of Seeking Information and How to Design for Them
Information-seeking behavior varies from situation to situation. Donna Mauer explores different ways in which users look for information and offers tactics for accommodating them.
Maurer, Donna. Boxes and Arrows (2006). Articles>User Centered Design>Information Design
iaslash is a news site for information architects, modeled on slashdot, interested in information organization, usability, user testing, user interface design, and other areas related to the access and use of information in information-use environments.
iaslash. Resources>Information Design>User Centered Design>Blogs
Information Engineering for the 21st Century 
Bowie urges technical communicators to spend less time creating documentation and more time designing products that people can use intuitively.
Bowie, John S. Intercom (2003). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design>Usability
The Inmates are Running the Asylum
The classic rules of business management are rooted in the manufacturing traditions of the industrial age. Unfortunately, they have yet to address the new realities of the information age, in which products are no longer made from atoms but are mostly software, made only from the arrangements of bits.
Cooper, Alan. Cooper Interaction Design (2004). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
Measuring the Success Of a Classification System
When working with government and large private organizations on complex information systems, project managers and business representatives often demand early-stage validation that the proposed classification system provides the user-friendly solution they are charged with delivering. They also require this validation in a format that will be engaging for senior business stakeholders.
Barker, Iain. Boxes and Arrows (2007). Articles>Information Design>Taxonomy>User Centered Design
Semantic Web Based Services for Intelligent Mobile Construction Collaboration
To provide real time, on-demand intelligent mobile collaboration support for their workers, construction enterprises increasingly need to use powerful wireless devices coupled with the availability of improved bandwidth, to tap into different inter and intra-enterprise data resources.
Zeeshan, Aziz, Anumba Chimay, Ruikar Darshan, Carrillo Patricia and Dino Bouchlaghem. ITcon (2004). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
The Use of Narrative in Interaction Design

What roles can narrative play in creating enriching experiences on the Web—not just for users, but also for design teams? Moving beyond the conceptual, we’ll discuss the practical application of narrative in web design, and describe how many of us within the industry already use narrative theory in our practice. Finally, we’ll show how even corporate projects can be approached within a holistic narrative framework and how this can benefit both usability and the design process.
Gallagher, Marisa, Nancy Broden, Jeff DeVries and Jonathan Woytek. IAsummit (2004). Presentations>Information Design>User Centered Design>Rhetoric
User Preference Tests: Show and Tell for Information Design 
This article relates the author's experiences with user preference tests. User preference tests help a technical communicator make design decisions. To illustrate this point, the author describes a real-world scenario, the prototyping efforts involved in preparing for a user preference test, and three types of user preference tests.
Corbin Nichols, Michelle. STC Proceedings (1994). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
A User-Centered Approach to Selling Information Architecture
One of the most popular topics for discussion among those practicing Information Architecture is “selling IA.” There is a constant struggle to show the value and benefits of including information architecture techniques on a project. The most common approach to selling IA involves introducing the basic concepts, along with explanations and examples of what deliverables are produced, and some discussion of the benefits. At that point, usually the client will comment, or ask about how these procedures can fit in to a specific project. This is antithetical to the mantra of user-centered design, which says that the needs of the user should be understood before the design begins. How can one design a sales approach before understanding the needs of the client? The proper approach should be to figure out what the goals and needs of the client are before ever starting to try and sell Information Architecture as a possible solution.
Lash, Jeff. Digital Web Magazine. Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design
Taking the time to plan a Web site is crucial for the success of the project.
Leonard-Wilkinson, Theresa A. W-edge Design (1998). Design>Web Design>Information Design>User Centered Design
The Web Category Analysis Tool (WebCAT) is a variation on traditional card sorting techniques that allows a web designer/usability engineer to test a proposed or existing categorization scheme of a website to determine how well the categories and items are understood by users.
NIST. Articles>User Centered Design>Information Design>Card Sorting
What's Your Idea of a Mental Model?
We need a way to document and express mental models that is as simple and robust as personas for user profiles and scenarios for tasks. By laying out users' current mental models and a target mental model, we can clarify our thinking and communication about the user interface's objects, metaphors, and interaction.
McDaniel, Scott M. Boxes and Arrows (2003). Articles>Information Design>User Centered Design>Cognitive Psychology
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