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User-centered design is a philosophy and a process in which the needs, wants, and limitations of the end user of an interface or document are given extensive attention at each stage of the design process. It is often seen as an offshoot of the usability movement, and a progenitor of the experience design and interaction design movements.
76. #20856 Accessible Design for Users With Disabilities Making the Web more accessible for users with various disabilities is to a great extent a matter of using HTML the way it was intended: to encode meaning rather than appearance. As long as a page is coded for meaning, it is possible for alternative browsers to present that meaning in ways that are optimized for the abilities of individual users and thus facilitate the use of the Web by disabled users. Nielsen, Jakob. Alertbox (1996). Design>Web Design>Accessibility 77. #26154 Accessible Graphs and Charts Online Most government web writers are knowledgeable about alt-text by now... or at least semi-knowledgeable. But sometimes, alt-text is not enough. McAlpine, Rachel. Quality Web Content (2004). Design>Accessibility>Web Design>Charts and Graphs 78. #22211 Accessible Information Architecture: Participatory Curricular Design This presentation describes the process of engaged negotiation that re-engineered an inappropriate course design to one that met student needs. Salvo, Michael J. CPTSC Proceedings (2003). Articles>Information Design>Instructional Design>Education 79. #22957 An Accessible Method of Hiding HTML Content Though somewhat rare, there are occasions when the accessibility needs of screen reader users appear to be at odds with the needs of visual users. This kind of conflict occurs when Web developers put form elements inside of a data table matrix, when they want to use images as headings instead of text, and in other situations. Adding extra text helps screen reader users, but can complicate the visual layout, thus reducing understandability. One solution is to use CSS to hide the text from sighted users in a way that is still accessible to screen readers. The details of this technique are discussed, along with the technical reasoning behind it. Bohman, Paul. WebAIM (2002). Design>Web Design>Accessibility 80. #23086 Accessibility is not an especially familiar concept in the computing world. Most of us encounter the idea of accessibility often enough by way of special vehicle parking spaces, ramps, braille signage, beeping crosswalks, and so on. Improving accessibility is more than a courtesy, it is an accepted and vital goal of any advanced society. Johnson, Duff. PlanetPDF. Design>Document Design>Accessibility>Adobe Acrobat 81. #22776 How can I generate a Table Header Cell Element (TH) field automatically with Acrobat? PDFzone (2004). Design>Information Design>Accessibility>Adobe Acrobat 82. #25503 Sometimes we have to use pop-ups — so we might as well do them right. This article will show you how to make them more accessible and reliable while simplifying their implementation. Chassot, Caio. List Apart, A (2004). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>CSS 83. #26648 There is no question that the vast majority of tables on the Web are layout tables, used to structure the visual appearance of the page. Often the structure of tables is remarkably complex, with tables nested in tables as much as seven deep. Thatcher, Jim. JimThatcher.com (2005). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>HTML 84. #22965 Accessible Taxes? A Blind Consumer's Experience with the US Tax System One of the most common, and least enjoyable, experiences of citizens of the United States is that of filing income tax forms. This year, Sachin Pavithran, who is blind, attempted to complete the forms and file them without assistance from sighted friends. Find out whether he was successful or not. Bohman, Paul, Shane Anderson and Sachin Pavithran. WebAIM (2004). Articles>Web Design>Accessibility>Government 85. #28701 Accessible Web 2.0 Applications with WAI-ARIA Our web applications can suffer from inaccessibility problems due to inherent markup limitations. Martin Kliehm helps us sort through the WAI specs for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) to increase usability. Kliehm, Martin. List Apart, A (2007). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Ajax 86. #23004 We encourage developers of web pages to consider the full spectrum of visitors to their sites. Listed below are some resources that may be helpful in creating pages that are accessible to everyone, including those who have disabilities. University of Washington-Seattle (2001). Design>Web Design>Accessibility 87. #22948 Accessible Web Text - Sizing Up the Issues Explores the issues surrounding text size; explain what all the fuss is about; and suggest some useful approaches you can adopt to ensure the text on your web pages will be readable to your visitors. Byrne, Jim. MCU (2003). Design>Web Design>Accessibility 88. #21746 Accessible Web Typography: An Introduction for Web Designers Text is your flexible friend; it can be transformed into audio or braille; used to describe non-text elements; and be presented visually in an infinite number of sizes. Byrne, Jim. Scotconnect.com (2003). Design>Typography>Web Design 89. #20001 Accessible directory of links and resources to help policymakers and web designers make informed decisions about Web accessibility. Ogston, Matthew. AccessibleNet (2003). Design>Accessibility>Web Design 90. #23172 AccessiBlog was a weblog of articles and sites dealing with the topic of Web accessibility (though it is no longer updated). Clark, Joe. AccessiBlog (2003). Resources>Web Design>Accessibility>Blogs 91. #27162 Accessing Form Elements Array with JavaScript This article shows how you can access an array of HTML form elements using JavaScript. DevBay (2005). Design>Web Design>DHTML 92. #19633 Accesskeys: Unlocking Hidden Navigation Your favorite applications have shortcut keys. So can your site, thanks to the XHTML accesskey attribute. Accesskeys make sites more accessible for people who cannot use a mouse. Unfortunately, almost no designer uses accesskeys, because, unless they View Source, most visitors can’t tell that you’ve put these nifty navigational shortcuts to work on your site. Stuart Robertson unlocks the secret of providing visible accesskey shortcuts. Robertson, Stuart. List Apart, A (2003). Design>Web Design>Information Design 93. #30382 Accommodating Active Learners in Software Documentation Decisions Recent research focusing on a minimalist approach to computer software documentation has explored ways to design computer software tutorials and workbooks for users with an active learning style. The principles of minimalism and active learning styles, however, are less frequently applied to traditional reference manuals. This paper reviews several elements of minimalism and suggests ways to apply strategies for active learners to traditional reference manuals. Smart, Karl L. STC Proceedings (1993). Articles>Documentation>Instructional Design>Software 94. #11798 An estimated nine to twelve percent of the male population suffers from some form of color vision deficiency, commonly called 'color blindness.' It is important for computer interface designers to take into account and eliminate, if possible, any potential confusions that can arise because of color vision deficiencies. There are two major types of color blindness. The most prevalent causes are confusion between red and green. This type affects approximately eight to ten percent of the male population. In another type, an additional one to two Percent of men suffer from a deficiency in perceiving blue/yellow differences. Less than one percent of women suffer from any form of color blindness. To understand color blindness better, it is helpful to be familiar with the ways in which colors differ from each other. One standard way to discuss color is to divide it into hue, saturation and brightness (HSB). Hoffman, Paul. STC Usability SIG (1999). Design>Accessibility>Human Computer Interaction>Color 95. #22949 Accountability of Accessibility and Usability Focus on your users, all of them. Learn from mistakes currently made on the Web. If a user can't fill out a form, they can't buy anything from your site. People turned away by unusable sites will probably try a competitor's site. Don't be the site that turned people away. Make your Web site as usable and accessible as possible. It's the business savvy thing to do. It's the right thing to do. If you don't, someone just might force you legally to do it or threaten to sue. Pavka, Anitra. Digital Web Magazine (2002). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Usability 96. #25769 Accurate Image Manipulation for Desktop Publishing Devoted to the best possible quality in the desktop publishing workflow. This calls for accurate calibration and correct choice for the working space. 97. #26168 Achieving High Visibility on the Global Web - How to Prepare Your Web Site for Translation Is there a demand for your products or services outside of your domestic market? If so, how are you marketing to this group of potential customers? How do you overcome language and cultural barriers? Web Localization, which is the process of translating your web site into your customers' languages and adapting to local markets, is an essential step toward establishing a market presence. Iler, Huiping. WTB Language Group (2005). Articles>Web Design>Localization 98. #29734 Achieving Minimalism through Interactive Multimedia Use interactive multimedia with text-based online documentation to achieve the minimalist model pioneered by instructional design guru John Carroll. Non-linear modules of 'real' tasks help users get started fast, and quickly learn from any errors. De Yoreo, Dave and Ben Kauffman. STC Proceedings (2004). Design>Multimedia>Interaction Design>Minimalism 99. #29154 Achieving Objectivity Through Genred Activity: A Case Study Finding itself at the center of highly publicized legal and political deliberations over fairness in testing, personnel credibility, and legal liability, the training department at a North American transit authority adopted a genre system that enabled the production of objective evidence of job competence, which was then used to make objective decisions about who passed and failed various training programs. The ongoing genre-structured activity of the department involved not only the regularization of organizational texts but also the regularization of social interaction mediated by those texts, which, while producing the types of interpretively stable documents required for successful public deliberation, led to a shift in authority and social relations within the department that instigated considerable resentment and loss of morale among many veteran instructors. Little, Joseph. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication (2007). Articles>Writing>Instructional Design>Genre 100. #19901 Achieving Success with Intranet-Based Online Documentation To key to achieving a successful online documentation implementation on the intranet is to understand that the resulting system is indeed a 'system.' The need for well-written, formatted and structured documents is necessary but the interactive framework in which those documents exist is equally important. It is crucial to understand the role of each individual involved in the system from Reader to Author and I.T. provider. Frost, Edward D.J. STC Proceedings (2001). Design>Documentation>Intranets>Web Design
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