Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e.g., device, service, environment) is accessible by as many people as possible, and the ventures to produce accessible products and services. Accessibility is often used to focus on people with disabilities and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology.
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残障人士法案要求所提供的服务不得歧视残障人士。一个网站被认为是一种服务，因而受这一法案约束，所以必须对每个人具备无障碍性。 一些团体正在对他们的网站进行无障碍性改进，但是许多团体看起来没有采取行动。残障人士不会进入他们的网站，他们说，那为什么要在乎这些。
Moss, Trenton. uiGarden (2005). (Chinese) Design>Web Design>Accessibility>United Kingdom
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网络无障碍性是关于使你的网站让所有因特网用户（残障用户和正常用户）易于获得，不管他们使用什么浏览技术。除了符合相关法律法规， 具备无障碍性将让您的网站和商业受益良多。 请参阅文章，《具备无障碍性的网站的益处 – 第一部分 》和《具备无障碍性的网站的益处 – 第二部分 》以了解更多关于网站的无障碍性的重要性。
Moss, Trenton. uiGarden (2006). (Chinese) Design>Web Design>Accessibility
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A talk with Gloria Reece, a senior member of STC's AccessAbility SIG who can help demystify Section 508. Get practical advice for implementing the law in your workplace without tearing apart existing products and starting from scratch. Section 508 for Dummies will introduce you to the basics of the regulation using models and scenarios.
Reece, Gloria A. STC Proceedings (2004). Articles>Accessibility>Standards>Section 508
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Fare Accessibilità significa avere delle conoscenze tecniche, avere dimestichezza con Standard e Raccomandazioni del W3C. Ma non solo. Significa conoscere il target dell´Accessibilità, erroneamente ed ingenuamente precluso ai soli disabili. Significa conoscere chi sono le persone disabili, che prima di essere disabili, sono Persone. Sono coloro che vivono sulla propria pelle ogni giorno le conseguenze di scelte strategiche sbagliate di coloro che hanno il potere, con un sì o con un no, di creare o abbattere le barriere tecnologiche che ostacolano il libero accesso alle informazioni ed ai servizi online.
Bertini, Patrizia. Apogeonline (2004). (Italian) Books>Usability>Accessibility>eBooks
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More and more Web surfers are vision-impaired. Can they understand your site?
Williams, Maxine. Adobe Magazine (1999). Design>Web Design>Accessibility
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If your company has a public website, it needs to be accessible - and that's the law.
Joseph, Cliff. Guardian Unlimited, The (2003). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>United Kingdom
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The Access Board is an independent Federal agency devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities. It operates with about 30 staff and a governing board of representatives from Federal departments and public members appointed by the President.
Access Board, The. Organizations>Web Design>Accessibility>Government
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Access Key, HTML Accesskey Generated by JavaScript
One of the great advantages of using first letter of the link text as access key is that it can be generated by code. Conventional wisdom states that it should be done server-side. Bad that it is much easier with JavaScript.
Tverskov, Jesper. Smack the Mouse (2003). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>JavaScript
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Access to Current and Next-Generation Information Systems by People with Disabilities
The purpose of this document is to provide information and resources for those interested in learning more about accessibility issues and current and next-generation information systems. The current focus of this document is on the National Information Infrastructure (NII), sometimes known as the 'information superhighway.' This document contains both information presented at a very introductory level and information which is more technical in nature. Wherever possible, all of the technical discussions are broken out and presented separately, so that readers may course through the material at a level which is comfortable to them, and which meets their information needs. This is a living document which will be continually revised and added to as more information is collected and as the efforts in the area of research, development, and public policy continue to evolve. The most recent form of this document can be found on the Internet via our ftp, gopher, or WWW servers. All of these are located at: trace.wisc.edu The document can be viewed on-line or downloaded in one of several forms to facilitate accessibility.
University of Wisconsin. Articles>Editing>Accessibility>Usability
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This site is a jumping-off point for information on the features and capabilities of Adobe products that enhance electronic document accessibility for people with disabilities such as blindness, low vision, and motor impairments. There are also links to resources that help people with disabilities work more effectively with Adobe software and aid authors in optimizing content for accessibility.
Adobe (2000). Design>Accessibility
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The site is a resource for everyone who is interested in E-accessibility and Internet Society. Here you can find freshly updated informations about Italian, European and Worldwide conferences, laws, researches, books and statistics about accessibility situation and new media.
Patrizia, Bertini and Bazz. Accessibile.net (2003). (Italian) Resources>Accessibility>Journalism>Italy
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Web sites should be designed to ensure that everyone, including users who have difficulty seeing, hearing, and making precise movements, can use them. Generally, this means ensuring that Web sites facilitate the use of common assistive technologies. All United States Federal Government Web sites must comply with the Section 508 Federal Accessibility Standards.
Usability.gov (2006). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Section 508
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Since the discourse over creating accessible Web pages began, the standards organizations that helped inform the new Federal rules have stressed the separation of design and content. If the Internet is to reach its full potential, content will need to be authored so that it can be rendered by a broad array of devices: browsers, assistive technologies, PDAs, and devices that have yet to be imagined. Only by separating content from design will this be possible. By following the rules in Section 508, you will be doing more than providing access for those with disabilities; you will be creating content that is available to all users, no matter what devices are used to read it.
Apple Inc. (2006). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Section 508
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A directory of almost 100 online resources in accessibility and accessible design.
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Internet technologies have provided many Canadians with an enhanced sense of intellectual and economic freedom. But for many people, gaining entry to Web content is more complicated than clicking mouse and operating a modem. Some Canadians rely on assistive technologies such as text readers, audio players and voice activated devices to overcome the barriers presented by standard technologies. Others may be limited by their own technology. But old browsers, non-standard operating systems, slow connections, small screens or text-only screens should not stand in the way of obtaining information that is available to others.
Treasury Board of Canada (2000). Design>Web Design>Accessibility
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Accessibility and Cascading Style Sheets
An essay from an accessibility class, on the use of CSS to increase access to a page.
Bartlett, Kynn. HTML Writers Guild (1999). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>CSS
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Accessibility and Learning Technology
Learning technologies offer excellent opportunities to make Higher and Further Education fully inclusive for people with many kinds of disabilities, as well as providing a better learning environment for all students. The drive to deliver ever-increasing quantities of visually attractive learning, support and service material, however, can lead to designs which embody insurmountable barriers to access by a range of people with disabilities. Issues of accessibility to disabled users are beginning to be addressed seriously, but there is a constant need to ensure empirically that materials, which are provided, are actually accessible.
Webb, Ian. TechDis (1999). Academic>Accessibility>Technology
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Accessibility and Macromedia Flash MX 2004
Macromedia Flash MX 2004 helps to accelerate accessible application development with a core set of UI components. These components can automate many of the most common accessibility practices related to labeling, keyboard access, and testing and help to ensure a consistent user experience across rich applications created with Macromedia Flash MX 2004. For each component, the designer or developer need only enable the accessibility object by using the command enableAccessibility(). This includes the accessibility object with the component as the movie is compiled. Because there is no simple means of removing an object once it has been added to the component, these options are turned off by default. It is therefore very important that the designer or developer enable accessibility for each component. This step needs to be done only once for each component; it is not necessary to enable accessibility for each instance of a component.
Adobe (2003). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Flash
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Over the last couple of years the electronic and IT industry have had to start seriously considering the accessibility of their products and services. This is due to recent developments regarding Federal legislation, specifically Section 508. This article provides an overview of the legislation and includes a case study showing how a Voluntary Product Accessibility Template is applied in practice.
System Concepts (2005). Articles>Accessibility>Standards>Section 508
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Accessibility and Usability for All
An article discussing how the needs of all users must be addressed, including the varying level of computer literacy and competence. It is conjectured that building sites which address the specific needs of these audiences will benefit the general public as a whole.
Nevett, Fraser. Mercurytide (2006). Articles>Accessibility>Usability
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Accessibility and Usability of Information Technology by the Elderly
The population of elderly people and the use of computers and the Internet are both growing at extraordinary rates in the United States. The potential exists for elderly people to improve their own lives as well as the lives of others by making more use of this technology. However, the elderly are currently among the lowest users of computers and the Internet. The common belief that older people fear or are indifferent towards technology does not fully explain this low usage. Rather, the elderly are subject to the same income and education divisions that impede accessibility to the population as a whole, as well as certain physical, cognitive, and mental impairments that come with age and can impede usability. Thus, the keys to increasing the numbers of elderly people making effective use of technology are addressing both universal accessibility and universal usability. These solutions are applicable to many other people as well, making their implementation broadly useful and cost-effective.
Browne, Hilary. Universal Usability (2000). Design>Accessibility>Online>Elderly
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Accessibility Arguments Revisited
Frontend has recently completed the delivery of the first version (1.1) of the Irish National Disability Authority (NDA) IT Accessibility Guidelines. In the course of our work for the NDA over the last year we’ve talked to a wide variety groups and individuals who have an interest in accessibility and as a result of their input, our approach has shifted a little. Here’s what we found out.
Poskitt, Henry. Frontend Infocentre (2002). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Usability
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Accessibility Audit vs. Accessibility Testing
Article outlining the difference between the two accessibility evaluation methods: The accessibility audit and accessibility testing.
Moss, Trenton. Webcredible (2007). Design>Web Design>Accessibility>Methods
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Accessibility Components Resource List
In trying to build accessible products, it is sometimes difficult to find key components. This is particularly true when building prototypes or coordinating small volume productions. This resource listing is provided to assist people in finding sources for key accessibility components such as accessible telephone handsets (for use on kiosks, etc.), voice technology products and other accessible components. It is maintained on an 'as we find it basis.' In other words, when we locate particular components or they are brought to our attention, we wll include them here.
University of Wisconsin. Resources>Usability>Accessibility>Universal Usability
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This document summarizes the features of the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), level 2 Recommendation ([CSS2]) known to directly affect the accessibility of Web documents. Some of the accessibility features described in this document were available in CSS1 ([CSS1]) as well. This document has been written so that other documents may refer in a consistent manner to the accessibility features of CSS.
