Web Robot Detection in the Scholarly Information Environment
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551507087237
  access restricted (by the publisher) to members/subscribers/customers only
  peer-reviewed

Huntington, Paul, David Nicholas and Hamid R. Jamali
Journal of Information Science
2008

Abstract:

An increasing number of robots harvest information on the world wide web for a wide variety of purposes. Protocols developed at the inception of the web laid out voluntary procedures in order to identify robot behaviour, and exclude it if necessary. Few robots now follow this protocol and it is now increasingly difficult to filter for this activity in reports of on-site activity. This paper seeks to demonstrate the issues involved in identifying robots and assessing their impact on usage in regard to a project which sought to establish the relative usage patterns of open access and non-open access articles in the Oxford University Press published journal Glycobiology, which offers in a single issue articles in both forms. A number of methods for identifying robots are compared and together these methods found that 40% of the raw logs of this journal could be attributed to robots.