Minimizing Bias in Computer Systems
http://sigchi.org/bulletin/1996.1/friedman.html

Friedman, Batya, Eric Brok, Susan King Roth and John Thomas
SIGCHI Bulletin
1996

Abstract:

Computer punch card tallying systems pose serious problems for fair elections. In particular, under-educated groups are more likely not to understand how the computerized system works. In this workshop we were concerned with understanding bias in computer systems and developing methods to help minimize bias through the design process.